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Objective To investigate the training process of clinical practice ability in medical undergraduates in the context of tutorial system,as well as new clinical training models and evaluation methods.Methods A total of 40 medical undergraduates who entered the stage of clinical practice were randomly divided into tutorial group and control group,with 20 undergraduates in each group.A diversified evaluation system was used to perform a comprehensive evaluation of clinical practice ability of medical undergraduates at different stages,with a combination of professional theory examination,Mini-Clinical Evaluation Exercise,Direct Observation of Procedural Skills,and clinical case report.All the data were analyzed by SPSS 23.0,t test was used for statistical analysis.Results Compared with the control group after the internship ended,the tutorial group had significantly higher scores of clinical professional theory (86.24 ± 2.93),clinical practice ability (7.53 ± 0.48),clinical operation skills (4.35 ± 0.47),and clinical thinking ability (6.31 ± 0.52) (all P＜0.05).Conclusion The application of the tutorial training mode during the internship of medical undergraduates can improve their comprehensive qualities such as professional quality,medical theory,and practical skills.The diversified evaluation system can evaluate the teaching effect and reflect the cultivation of comprehensive quality among students.
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It is an important teaching task how to make respiratory disease specialists to accept the standardization training of pulmonary function. However, the theory of pulmonary function is comparatively abstract and the training time is short, but the task is heavy. In order to explore a set of feasible training mode, the pulmonary function laboratory of Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University carries out various forms of training, such as compiling textbooks, establishing case database, using multimedia teach-ing, arranging one-to-one guided teaching, and training the ability of doctor-patient communication.
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Squamous cell carcinoma, in the clinical manifestation, is a form of cancer derived from lesions of keratinocytes of epidermis or accessories such as sebaceous ducts, hair follicles, sweat glands, etc. The disease is more common in older men, with prone locations at patients' scalp, face, neck and arms and other exposed parts. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [HNSCC] causes a serious impact on patients' daily life, making patients suffer from double blow in mental and physical aspects and reducing patients' life quality. To find effective treatment method for HNSCC, our hospital studies clinical effects of combination therapy of tegafur gimer, docetaxel and carboplatin for the disease. By way of grouping research, therapeutic effect of such treatment and adverse reactions were assessed and analyzed. The study clearly and fully confirms effectiveness of combination therapy of tegafur gimer, docetaxel and carboplatin for HNSCC
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The research aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Opuntia dillenii Haw polysaccharide (OPS) on atherosclerosis of rats. First atherosclerotic rat models were established by high-fat and high-calcium diet. Thirty days later, the rats were treated with low dosage of OPS (0.2 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)) or high dosage of OPS (0.4 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)) by intraperitoneal injection for 60 days continuously. At the end of treatment, thoracic aorta rings were prepared and vasorelaxation of rat thoracic aorta in different experiment groups were determined by using 620M multi wire myograph system in vitro. Blood and livers of rats were collected. Then plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) of rats were separately determined using whole automatic biochemical analyzer; protein level of hepatic apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and that of hepatic diglyceride acyltransferase (Dgat1) were measured by Western Blot technique. Results showed that the ability of rat thoracic aorta to relax decreased markedly in the model group compared with that in the normal group, and significant differences existed in vasorelaxation ratios induced by different concentrations of carbamylcholine chloride (Carb) between these two groups (P < 0.01). After OPS treatment, the ability of rat thoracic aorta to relax improved markedly, the vasorelaxation ratios induced by Carb at 5 and 10 μmol x L(-1) were respectively 0.34 ± 0.08 and 0.62 ± 0.15 in the group treated with low dosage of OPS, while the ratios induced by Carb at 1 and 5 μmol x L(-1) were respectively 0.54 ± 0.08 and 0.98 ± 0.02 in the group treated with high dosage of OPS, which were all significantly different with those in the model group (P < 0.01). Plasma contents of TC, TG and LDL reduced significantly by the treatments both with low and high dosages of OPS compared with those in the model group (P < 0.01). Protein level of hepatic ApoB and that of hepatic Dgat1 decreased significantly after the treatment with high dosage of OPS compared with those in the model group (P < 0.01). These results indicate that OPS can markedly improve the vasorelaxation of thoracic aorta of atherosclerotic rats and has significant anti-atherosclerotic effect; inhibiting the expression of ApoB and Dgat1 and thus decreasing the amounts of TC, LDL and TG serving as one of the molecular mechanisms of its antiatherosclerosis effect.
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Objective To investigate the expression of Annexin A1 proteins in colorectal cancer tissues and the relationship be-tween it and clinicopathologic features of colorectal cancer.Methods The surgical specimens from 48 cases of colorectal cancer,36 cases of adjacent tissues,15 cases of adenoma polyp were used to be examined expression of Annexin A1 immunohistochemical method.Results The positive expression rate of Annexin A1 in cancer tissue(64.6%)was significantly higher than those in adja-cent tissues(38.8%)and adenoma polyp tissues(40.0%)(P<0.05).The adjacent tissues and adenoma polyp tissues with positive Annexin A1 expression showed mild to severe atypical hyperplasia.The positive rates of Annexin A1 were significantly lower in the well-differentiated adenocarcinoma,tumor size of <5 cm,with no metastasis to lymphnodes and no invasion to surrounding tissues of colorectal cancer than those in the moderately or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma,tumor size of ≥5 cm,with metastasis to lymphnodes and invasion in surrounding tissues(P<0.05).Conclusion The expression levels of Annexin A1 may be an important index of occurrence,progression and biological behaviors of colorectal carcinoma.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of simvastatin on expression of pluripotent markers Oct3/4, Nanog, and Sox-2 in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Methods:Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunofluo-rescent staining, flow cytometry, and Western blot were used to detect the expression of pluripotency markers Oct3/4, Nanog, and Sox-2 in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells treated with different doses of simvastatin. Results:qRT-PCR revealed the more signifi-cant inhibition of gene expressions of Oct3/4, Nanog, and Sox-2 in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells when subjected to high doses of simvastatin (10, 50, and 100 μmol/L) compared with the control group (P0.05). The inhibitory effect of simvastatin on the gene expressions of Oct3/4 and Nanog was more significantly apparent at 50 and 100 μmol/L dosages than at 10 μmol/L (P0.05). Between the two higher-dose treatments (50 and 100 μmol/L), no significant difference in the inhibitory expressions of Oct3/4, Nanog, and Sox-2 in MCF-7 cells was found. Meanwhile, in the 10 μmol/L simvastatin treatment, immunoflurescent staining showed a marked reduction in the protein expression of all three pluripotent markers in MCF-7 cells, and flow cytometry demonstrated a decrease of Oct3/4-, Nanog-, and Sox-2-positive cells (P<0.05). Western blot further revealed that the protein expression of Oct3/4, Nanog, and Sox-2 in MCF-7 cells was significantly declined by the same simvastatin dose (P<0.05). Conclusion: Simvastatin can inhibit the expression of pluripotent markers Oct3/4, Nanog, and Sox-2 in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, proving the anti-cancer properties of simvastatin.
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English-teaching among medical students is an important method to improve the teaching quality of foreign students and to train medical professionals capable of international communi cation.In the English-teaching among foreign and native undergraduate students,the course wares and teaching methods were designed after summarizing the features of students and teaching contents and were further improved during the practice.The continuing improvement of teachers′ English proficiency is also necessary to achieve good teaching quality.
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Talent training is the foundation for discipline construction and it is also the fundamental guarantee of hospital's sustainable development.The affiliated Zhongshan hospital of Fudan university launched investigations from the teaching management,teaching staff,resident and clinical skills to look for problems in clinical teaching and to propose improvement measures aiming at improving the clinical teaching and promoting hospital resident and specialists training.
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Objective To evaluate the correlation of chemosensitivity of cancer cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes to 8 chemotherapy agents in vitro,which was helpful to guide clinical chemotherapy for patients with lung cancer. Methods The chemosensitivity of the peripheral blood lymphocytes and tumor cells to 8 clinical routine che-motherapeutic agents was tested in 40 cases of lung cancer by using MTT method. SPSS 10. 0 was used to analyze the above indicators. Results There was no significant difference in the sensitivity of 8 clinical routine chemotherapeutic agents between peripheral blood lymphocytes and tumor cells of patients with lung cancer(P > 0. 05) ,which was posi-tive correlated to chemotherapeutic drugs between peripheral blood lymphocytes and tumor cells. Conclusion The chemosensitive test of the peripheral blood lymphocytes with MTT method in vitro was valuable for reference of selec-ting anticancer drugs in clinic for patients with lung cancer.
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Objective To further elucidate the CT characteristics and diagnostic approaches to non-acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis. Methods The histories of forty-two pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) patients diagnosed in Zhongshan Hospital from 2003 -2008 were collected and analyzed for demography data, underlying conditions, clinical symptoms, chest CT and diagnostic studies. Results None of the 42 PC patients had avian or its feces contacting history, and 71.4% (30/42) of them were immunocompetent. The most frequent CT lesions were multiple nodules (67. 9% ) with peripheral predominance (67. 9% ), and cavitations (50%) often presented within them. Masses/consolidation (31.4%) and patching lesions (2. 9% ) could exist occassionally. Positive detection rates of non-aggressive examinations including sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and bronchofibroscope aspiration were 4. 3%, 8. 3% and 6. 3% respectively, while those of aggressive approaches including transbrunchial lung biopsy (TBLB), thin needle aspiration biopsy (TNAB) and pneumonectomy by surgery were 64. 7%, 64. 3% and 100% respectively. Non-aggressive serum cryptococcus antigen test was performed in 14 patients who had been diagnosed by histopathology or pathogen culture, and all of them were positive. Conclusion Our study suggests that PC is common in immunocompetent population. Avian or its feces contacting is not so important as used opinion to PC differential diagnosis. CT characteristics of PC are diversiform and always change very slowly. Besides the most frequent multiple nodules with subpleural predominance, pulmonary lesions can present as masses, consolidation or patchings. Aggressive techniques such as TBLB and TNAB are benefit to clinical diagnosis of PC, and non-aggressive serum cryptococcus antigen test may be promising for its early diagnosis as well as clinical course follow-up and therapeutic effect evaluation.
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This article introduces how to use debate in clinical teaching and explains the organization,training,choosing the debate topics,making the rule and implementation of debate.Debate is advantageous to raise and enhance the medical students' abilities of study independent,clinical thought,consult,analysis and application literatures,oral expression,team cooperation and so on.